𓌃𓂧𓅱𓀁𓊹 - Hieroglyph (Divine Writing) - MDW-NTR (Medu Netjer)
Note: This is an updated copy of my hieroglyph notes which I posted late last year. I have done lots of studying and research since then. And while there are hundreds more glyphs out there, I think I have the basic ones now, including bilateral and trilateral glyphs. I used the Dictionary of Middle Egyptian by Paul Dickson for reference. Some of them might seem like they have the same sounds, but keep in mind we don’t know how the vowels might have been involved, or they might have just subtle pronunciation differences. I included the Armenian letters just to help me sound it out, and sometimes the Armenian alphabet sounds closer to the hieroglyphs than English does. I have added to the actual dictionary portion a lot too, but these notes are getting very long so this is just the first few sections.
Another thing this is helping me do is to have easy access to each glyph for copying and pasting. Wikipedia has the complete list, but no sounds for each. Putting this together took forever because I had to hunt down each little glyph on their gigantic list. Here are the other two parts to these notes:
𓇼𓀢𓏛 𓆓𓎛𓅱𓏏𓏭𓁟
Writing Hieroglyphs
Hieroglyphs can be written right-to-left or left-to-right, depending on which way the pictograms are facing. If the animals, symbols or people are facing left, it is read left-to-right. It often depends on which way someone in the illustration on the papyrus is facing. Glyphs would often be stacked on one another in couples; I can’t replicate this while typing, but if a lot of these words or names look pretty long, they can be shortened by about half by grouping symbols together.
Endings and Determatives
𓏪 , 𓏦 - Plural, Two or more (pronounced “oo” as a suffix)
𓏭 - Two, Double
𓏺 - indicative of a logogram; a picture that represents a word on its own rather than as a phonetic letter. May precede the word sometimes.
𓏏 - feminine ending, represents a bread loaf and the “T” sound
𓆇 - often appears in female names, represents an egg, not pronounced
𓀭 - King or God
𓁐, 𓆘- Queen or Goddess
𓊖 - Place name (town or country)
𓈈 - District
𓏛 - Book, Scroll, Writing - Medut
Plurals
Singular:
𓊹 - A God - Netjer
𓊹𓏏 - A Goddess - Netjeret
𓄥𓈖𓀀 - A Brother - Sen
𓄥𓈖𓏏𓁐 - A Sister - Senet
Plural - Couples:
𓊹𓊹 - Two Gods - Netjerui
𓊹𓊹𓏏 - Two Goddesses - Netjeruti
𓄥𓈖𓅱𓏭𓀀𓀀 - Two Brothers - Senui
𓄥𓈖𓏏𓏭𓁐𓁐 - Two Sisters - Senuti
Plural - 3+
𓊹𓊹𓊹𓏏, 𓊹𓏪 - 3+ Gods - Netjeru
𓊹𓊹𓊹 ,𓊹𓏏𓏪 - 3+ Goddesses - Netjerut
𓄥𓈖𓅱𓀀𓏪 - 3+ Brothers - Senu
𓄥𓈖𓏏𓁐𓏪 - 3+ Sisters - Senut
———-
Phonetics
𓂝 - A, Ā, Ա (a swallowed A sound)
𓄿 - A, Ա,ȝ(glottal stop, like in Cockney accent)
𓃀 - B, Բ
𓂧 - D, Դ
𓆓 - Dj, Ճ (transliterated as capital D)
𓆑 - F, V, Ֆ,Վ
𓎼 - G, Գ
𓎤 - G, Գ
𓉔 - H, Հ
𓎛 - H, Հ
𓇋 - I, Ի (reed)
𓎡 - K, Ք
𓃭 - L, RW, Լ (added in the Greek era)
𓅓 - M, Մ (on, at, by, with, as, who is/who is in)
𓐝 - IM, ԻՄ
𓈖 - N, Ն (of - en, nun, water)
𓋔 - N, Ն
𓋋 - N, Ն (Neith’s determinative)
𓍯 - O,/WA, Օ/Ուա
𓊪 - P, Պ
𓈎 - Q,/K, Ք (made in back of throat)
𓂋 - R/ L, Ր/Լ
𓊃 - S/ Z, Ս/Զ
𓋴 - S, Ս
𓈙 - SH, Շ (transliterated as capital S)
𓏏 -T, Թ (feminine ending)
𓍘 - TI, ԹԻ
𓍿 - Tch, Ջ (transliterated as capital T)
𓅱 - U/W, Ու (transliterated as W)
𓏲 - U/W, Ուա
𓐍 - X, KH, Խ (transliterated as X)
𓄡 - KH, Խ (German ‘ch’)
𓇋𓇋 - Y,/II, Յ
𓏭 - Y/J, Յ/Ե (two, double)
𓀀 - I
Bilateral and Trilateral Phonograms, Etc.
𓀒 - Khr
𓀔 - Nni
𓀗 - Ik/Akh
𓀟 - In
𓀹 - Ir
𓁷 - Khr/խր (Face)
𓁶 - Tp (head, upon)
𓁹 - Ir
𓂉 - Khnt
𓂓 - Ka (part of the soul)
𓂙 - Khn
𓂜 - Ni/N (not, negation)
𓂟 - Mi
𓂢 - Ni
𓂣 - Mekh/Մեխ
𓂸 - Met (Bah)
𓂻 - Iw/Iyoo
𓃔 - Ib
𓃛 - Iyoo
𓃹 - Weh/Wah, often followed by 𓈖
𓄋 - Wep (to open)
𓄏 - Ab
𓄑 - Bkh/Khw
𓄓 - Ns, Meh (at the start of a word/name)
𓄔 - Sdjm/Idn
𓄖 - Pkh
𓄙 - Wkhm
𓄚 - Khn
𓄜 - Sab
𓄝 - St
𓄞 - Sed
𓄟 - Ms
𓄡 - Kha
𓄤,𓆸 - Nefer
𓄥 - Zma
𓄫 - Aw
𓄭 - Spr
𓄯 - Isw/Eesoo
𓄸 - Spkhr/ Սպխր
𓅀 - Aa
𓅁 - Ma
𓅂 - Tiw/Tyoo
𓅐 - Mut/Mit/Mt
𓅔 - Mm
𓅖 - Mi
𓅘 - Nekh/Նեխ
𓅙 - Djeb
𓅜 - Akh
𓅥 - Ak
𓅨 - Wer
𓅬 - Geb (like the Netjer)
𓅮 - Pa
𓅳 - Ww/Oo-oo
𓅴 - Wa
𓅶 - Maw/Ma-oo
𓅷 - Tcha
𓅾 - Sndj
𓆀 - Pak
𓆆 - Sa
𓆈 - Asa
𓆎 - Kem
𓆕- Dd
𓆛 - In
𓆝 - Ad
𓆞 - Kha
𓆣 - Khepr
𓆩 - Kha
𓆭 - Ima
𓄲 - Pak
𓏠 - Men
𓈐 -Wet - Road, Way
𓎬 - TYT/Tyet (Knot, protective symbol)
𓇾 - Ta (land, Earth, world)
𓆄 - Shu (also Ma’at’s determinative)
𓎃 - S3/Sah (protective symbol)
𓈞 - Kh/Խ
𓆰 - Khen/Խն
𓆱 - Khet/Խտ
𓆷 - Sa
𓆼 - ḫ3/kha/խա (one thousand)
𓇅 - Wadj
𓇉 - Ha
𓇍 - Ee/ի
𓇑 - Nekheb
𓇓 - Soo (King)
𓇔 - Soor(?)
𓇛 - Nedjem
𓇥 - Djer
𓇩 - Iz
𓇬 - Wen
𓇷 - Pesdj
𓇼 - Sebah/Dua
𓇽 - Duat
𓇾 - Cha
𓈄 - Wedjeb
𓈋 - Dju
𓈍 - Kha/Խա
𓈐 - Kher/Խեր
𓈗 - Mu
𓈘 - Mer/Me
𓈝 - Sem
𓉐 - PR/Per, Պր (house)
𓉕 - Nem
𓉺 - Ioon/Yoon
𓉻 - A’a (great)
𓊄 - Zh
𓊗 - Zep
𓊠 - Wekha
𓊢 - Akha (adverse)
𓊤 - Kheru
𓊥 - Kherufi
𓊨 - St (Aset?)
𓊩 - Wes
𓊵 - Hotep
𓊹 - Netjer (God)
𓊽 - Djed (Stability)
𓋜 - Medekh
𓋝 - Wesekh
𓋞 - Nu (?, appears in the word for Nubt/Ombos)
𓋟 - Nub
𓋫 - Satch
𓋬 - Demedj
𓋭 - Chaz
𓋵 - Sef b
𓌳 - Ma
𓌵 - Ma
𓌶 - Ma’ab
𓋶 - Sma
𓋷 - Sia
𓋹 - Ankh ( Life)
𓋾 - Heka ( Magic)
𓌀 - Wsr, Was (power)
𓌁 - Dam
𓌂 - Sekhem ( Sa sekhem sahu.)
𓌃 - Med
𓌇 - Men
𓌉 - Khedj
𓌌 - Khedj
𓌍 - Khedjedj
𓌐 - Tep
𓌒 - Pedj
𓌕 - Zoon
𓌗 - Roodj
𓌘 - Res
𓌞 - Shemes
𓌟 - Kes
𓌡 - Wa
𓌢 - Sen
𓌤 - Akh
𓌥 - Djeba
𓌨 - Kher
𓌪 - Seshem
𓌱 - Nem
𓌻 - Mer
𓌼 - Khen
𓍁 - Shena/Heb
𓍃 - Tem
𓍅 - Grg (Gerg, Gereg?)
𓍉 - Setep/setchep
𓍏 - Ab/Mer
𓍒 - Dja
𓍔 - Ta
𓍘 - Ti/t
𓍙 - Khesef
𓍛 - Nem
𓍢 - Shen
𓍯 - Wa
𓍲 - Shen
𓍱 - Shes
𓎁 - Eetch
𓎂 - Za
𓎓 - Medj
𓎕 - Mekh
𓎗 - Wedj
𓎙 - Adj
𓎝 - Wakh/Sek
𓎟 - Nb/Neb(t) - Lord/Lady, Possessor, All
𓎨 - Khen
𓎣 - Mesen
𓎰 - Bas
𓎺 - Khenu
𓎸 - Khenem
𓎿 - Khez
𓏅 - Khent/Khenet
𓏇 - Mi
𓏌 - Nu
𓏎 - Een
𓏠 - Men
𓂞 - Di
𓏙 - Di (give)
𓏶 - Im
𓐑 - Khip
𓐖 - Ken
𓐙 - MA’a
𓐛 - Kes
𓐟 - Sa
𓐢 - Aper
𓐣 - Udja
𓐩 - Nedj
𓍝
https://www.academia.edu/42457720/Dictionary_of_Middle_Egyptian_in_Gardiner_Classification_Order
Practice
(𓋴𓅱𓂋𓈖𓀭), (𓇓𓂋𓈖𓀭) - Suren (Swrn)
(𓍯𓎼𓈖𓋴𓏭𓂝𓈖) Oganessian (Ognsyan)
(𓎛𓍯𓆑𓎛𓄿𓈖𓋴𓏭𓂝𓈖) Hovhannessian (Hovhanesyan)
(𓂧𓃀𓍯𓂋𓄿𓁐) - Deborah (Dbora)
(𓆓𓄿𓂋𓏏𓀭), (𓇥𓏏𓀭) - Jareth (Jaret)
𓎛𓄿𓇋𓇋𓄿𓋴𓏏𓄿𓈖𓇋𓊖 - Hayastan
𓃀𓇋𓂝𓇋𓈖𓇋𓃭𓇋𓊖 - Biainili (Urartu)
𓈙𓆑𓂝𓈖𓇋𓂧𓊃𓍯𓂋𓊖 - Shvanidzor
(𓄿𓊃𓅓𓄿𓁐) - Ozma
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