Hieroglyph (𓊹𓌃𓏪) Dictionary: Phonetics and Grammar (Update)

𓌃𓂧𓅱𓀁𓊹 - Hieroglyph (Divine Writing) - MDW-NTR (Medu Netjer)

Note: This is an updated copy of my hieroglyph notes which I posted late last year. I have done lots of studying and research since then. And while there are hundreds more glyphs out there, I think I have the basic ones now, including bilateral and trilateral glyphs. I used the Dictionary of Middle Egyptian by Paul Dickson for reference. Some of them might seem like they have the same sounds, but keep in mind we don’t know how the vowels might have been involved, or they might have just subtle pronunciation differences. I included the Armenian letters just to help me sound it out, and sometimes the Armenian alphabet sounds closer to the hieroglyphs than English does. I have added to the actual dictionary portion a lot too, but these notes are getting very long so this is just the first few sections. 

Another thing this is helping me do is to have easy access to each glyph for copying and pasting. Wikipedia has the complete list, but no sounds for each. Putting this together took forever because I had to hunt down each little glyph on their gigantic list. Here are the other two parts to these notes:

Part II - Names of Gods

Part III - Vocabulary 

𓇼𓀢𓏛 𓆓𓎛𓅱𓏏𓏭𓁟

Writing Hieroglyphs 

Hieroglyphs can be written right-to-left or left-to-right, depending on which way the pictograms are facing. If the animals, symbols or people are facing left, it is read left-to-right. It often depends on which way someone in the illustration on the papyrus is facing. Glyphs would often be stacked on one another in couples; I can’t replicate this while typing, but if a lot of these words or names look pretty long, they can be shortened by about half by grouping symbols together. 

 Endings and Determatives

𓏪 , 𓏦 - Plural, Two or more (pronounced “oo” as a suffix)

𓏭 - Two, Double 

𓏺 - indicative of a logogram; a picture that represents a word on its own rather than as a phonetic letter. May precede the word sometimes. 

𓏏 - feminine ending, represents a bread loaf and the “T” sound

𓆇 - often appears in female names, represents an egg, not pronounced 

𓀭 - King or God

𓁐, 𓆘- Queen or Goddess 

𓊖 - Place name (town or country)

𓈈 - District

𓏛 - Book, Scroll, Writing - Medut

Plurals

Singular:

𓊹 - A God - Netjer

𓊹𓏏 - A Goddess - Netjeret

 𓄥𓈖𓀀 - A Brother - Sen

𓄥𓈖𓏏𓁐 - A Sister - Senet

Plural - Couples:

𓊹𓊹 - Two Gods - Netjerui

𓊹𓊹𓏏  - Two Goddesses  - Netjeruti 

𓄥𓈖𓅱𓏭𓀀𓀀 - Two Brothers - Senui

𓄥𓈖𓏏𓏭𓁐𓁐 - Two Sisters - Senuti

Plural - 3+

𓊹𓊹𓊹𓏏, 𓊹𓏪 - 3+ Gods - Netjeru

𓊹𓊹𓊹  ,𓊹𓏏𓏪  - 3+ Goddesses - Netjerut 

𓄥𓈖𓅱𓀀𓏪 - 3+ Brothers - Senu

𓄥𓈖𓏏𓁐𓏪 - 3+ Sisters - Senut

———-

Phonetics

𓂝 - A, Ā, Ա (a swallowed A sound) 

𓄿 - A, Ա,ȝ(glottal stop, like in Cockney accent)

𓃀 - B, Բ

𓂧 - D, Դ

𓆓 - Dj, Ճ (transliterated as capital D)

𓆑 - F, V, Ֆ,Վ

𓎼 - G, Գ

𓎤 - G, Գ

𓉔 - H, Հ

𓎛 - H, Հ

𓇋 - I, Ի (reed)

𓎡 - K, Ք

𓃭 - L, RW, Լ (added in the Greek era)

𓅓 - M, Մ (on, at, by, with, as, who is/who is in)

𓐝 - IM, ԻՄ

𓈖 - N, Ն (of - en, nun, water)

𓋔 - N, Ն

𓋋 - N, Ն (Neith’s determinative)

𓍯 - O,/WA, Օ/Ուա

𓊪 - P, Պ

𓈎 - Q,/K, Ք (made in back of throat)

𓂋 - R/ L, Ր/Լ

𓊃 - S/ Z, Ս/Զ

𓋴 - S, Ս

𓈙 - SH, Շ (transliterated as capital S)

𓏏 -T, Թ (feminine ending)

𓍘 - TI, ԹԻ

𓍿 - Tch, Ջ (transliterated as capital T)

𓅱 - U/W, Ու (transliterated as W)

𓏲 - U/W, Ուա

𓐍 - X, KH, Խ (transliterated as X)

𓄡 - KH, Խ (German ‘ch’)

𓇋𓇋 - Y,/II, Յ

𓏭 - Y/J, Յ/Ե (two, double)

𓀀 - I

Bilateral and Trilateral Phonograms, Etc.

𓀒 - Khr

𓀔 - Nni

𓀗 - Ik/Akh

𓀟 - In

𓀹 - Ir

𓁷 - Khr/խր (Face)

𓁶 - Tp (head, upon)

𓁹 - Ir

𓂉 - Khnt

𓂓 - Ka (part of the soul)

𓂙 - Khn

𓂜 - Ni/N (not, negation)

𓂟 - Mi

𓂢 - Ni

𓂣 - Mekh/Մեխ

𓂸 - Met (Bah)

𓂻 - Iw/Iyoo

𓃔 - Ib

𓃛 - Iyoo

𓃹 - Weh/Wah, often followed by 𓈖

𓄋 - Wep (to open)

𓄏 - Ab

𓄑 - Bkh/Khw

𓄓 - Ns, Meh (at the start of a word/name)

𓄔 - Sdjm/Idn

𓄖 - Pkh

𓄙 - Wkhm 

𓄚 - Khn

𓄜 - Sab 

𓄝 - St 

𓄞 - Sed

𓄟 - Ms

𓄡 - Kha

𓄤,𓆸 - Nefer

𓄥 - Zma

𓄫 - Aw 

𓄭 - Spr

𓄯 - Isw/Eesoo

𓄸 - Spkhr/ Սպխր

𓅀 - Aa 

𓅁 - Ma

𓅂 - Tiw/Tyoo

𓅐 - Mut/Mit/Mt

𓅔 - Mm

𓅖 - Mi

𓅘 - Nekh/Նեխ

𓅙 - Djeb

𓅜 - Akh 

𓅥 - Ak

𓅨 - Wer

𓅬 - Geb (like the Netjer)

𓅮 - Pa

𓅳 - Ww/Oo-oo

𓅴 - Wa

𓅶 - Maw/Ma-oo

𓅷 - Tcha 

𓅾 - Sndj

𓆀 - Pak

𓆆 - Sa

𓆈 - Asa

𓆎 - Kem

𓆕- Dd

𓆛 - In

𓆝 - Ad

𓆞 - Kha

𓆣 - Khepr

𓆩 - Kha

𓆭 - Ima

𓄲 - Pak

𓏠 - Men

𓈐 -Wet - Road, Way

𓎬 - TYT/Tyet (Knot, protective symbol)

𓇾 - Ta (land, Earth, world)

𓆄 - Shu (also Ma’at’s determinative)

𓎃 - S3/Sah (protective symbol)

𓈞 - Kh/Խ

𓆰 - Khen/Խն

𓆱 - Khet/Խտ

𓆷 - Sa

𓆼 - ḫ3/kha/խա (one thousand)

𓇅 - Wadj

𓇉 - Ha

𓇍 - Ee/ի

𓇑 - Nekheb

𓇓 - Soo (King)

𓇔 - Soor(?)

𓇛 - Nedjem

𓇥 - Djer

𓇩 - Iz

𓇬 - Wen

𓇷 - Pesdj

𓇼 - Sebah/Dua

𓇽 - Duat

𓇾 - Cha 

𓈄 - Wedjeb

𓈋 - Dju

𓈍 - Kha/Խա

𓈐 - Kher/Խեր

𓈗 - Mu

𓈘 - Mer/Me

𓈝 - Sem

𓉐 - PR/Per, Պր (house)

𓉕 - Nem

𓉺 -  Ioon/Yoon

𓉻 - A’a  (great)

𓊄 - Zh

𓊗 - Zep

𓊠 - Wekha 

𓊢 - Akha (adverse)

𓊤 - Kheru

𓊥 - Kherufi

𓊨 - St (Aset?)

𓊩 - Wes

𓊵 - Hotep

𓊹 - Netjer (God)

 𓊽 - Djed (Stability)  

𓋜 - Medekh

𓋝 - Wesekh

𓋞 - Nu (?, appears in the word for Nubt/Ombos)

𓋟 - Nub 

𓋫 - Satch 

𓋬 - Demedj 

𓋭 - Chaz

𓋵 - Sef b

𓌳 - Ma

𓌵 - Ma   

𓌶 - Ma’ab

𓋶 - Sma 

𓋷 - Sia   

𓋹 - Ankh ( Life)

𓋾 - Heka ( Magic)

𓌀 - Wsr, Was (power)

𓌁 - Dam

𓌂 - Sekhem ( Sa sekhem sahu.)

𓌃 - Med

𓌇 - Men

𓌉 - Khedj

𓌌 - Khedj

𓌍 - Khedjedj

𓌐 - Tep

𓌒 - Pedj

𓌕 - Zoon

 𓌗 - Roodj

𓌘 - Res

𓌞 - Shemes

𓌟 -  Kes

𓌡 - Wa

 𓌢 - Sen

 𓌤 - Akh

𓌥 - Djeba

𓌨 - Kher

𓌪 - Seshem

 𓌱 - Nem 

  𓌻 - Mer

 𓌼 - Khen

𓍁 - Shena/Heb

𓍃 - Tem 

 𓍅 - Grg (Gerg, Gereg?)

𓍉 -  Setep/setchep 

𓍏 - Ab/Mer

𓍒 - Dja

𓍔 - Ta

𓍘 - Ti/t

 𓍙 - Khesef

𓍛 - Nem

𓍢 - Shen

𓍯 - Wa

𓍲 - Shen

𓍱 - Shes

𓎁 - Eetch

𓎂 - Za

𓎓 - Medj

 𓎕 - Mekh

𓎗 - Wedj

𓎙 - Adj

 𓎝 - Wakh/Sek

𓎟 - Nb/Neb(t) - Lord/Lady, Possessor, All

𓎨 - Khen

𓎣 - Mesen

𓎰 - Bas  

𓎺 - Khenu

𓎸 - Khenem  

𓎿 - Khez

𓏅 - Khent/Khenet

 𓏇 - Mi

𓏌 - Nu

𓏎 - Een

𓏠 - Men  

𓂞 - Di

𓏙 - Di (give)

𓏶 - Im

𓐑 - Khip

𓐖 - Ken 

𓐙 - MA’a

𓐛 - Kes

 𓐟 - Sa 

𓐢 - Aper

𓐣 - Udja

𓐩 - Nedj   

𓍝

https://www.academia.edu/42457720/Dictionary_of_Middle_Egyptian_in_Gardiner_Classification_Order

Practice

(𓋴𓅱𓂋𓈖𓀭), (𓇓𓂋𓈖𓀭) - Suren (Swrn)

(𓍯𓎼𓈖𓋴𓏭𓂝𓈖) Oganessian (Ognsyan)

(𓎛𓍯𓆑𓎛𓄿𓈖𓋴𓏭𓂝𓈖) Hovhannessian (Hovhanesyan)

(𓂧𓃀𓍯𓂋𓄿𓁐) - Deborah (Dbora)

(𓆓𓄿𓂋𓏏𓀭), (𓇥𓏏𓀭) - Jareth (Jaret)

𓎛𓄿𓇋𓇋𓄿𓋴𓏏𓄿𓈖𓇋𓊖 - Hayastan

𓃀𓇋𓂝𓇋𓈖𓇋𓃭𓇋𓊖 - Biainili (Urartu)

𓈙𓆑𓂝𓈖𓇋𓂧𓊃𓍯𓂋𓊖 - Shvanidzor 

(𓄿𓊃𓅓𓄿𓁐) - Ozma

The Decades in Music ~ A Magnum Opus Playlist

I think it might have been sometime in 2013 or 2014 that I first got the idea to do a CD mix for every year beginning with 1981, and fill each one with music released that year that I like. I’ve chronicled this effort on my blog before, and over several years I eventually made it to 2010. Some years were a struggle to find enough to fill an 80 minute CD with enough music I liked. And as time passed I always came across music I wish I had known about when I was making the CD mix. This along with some of the CDs becoming too scratched to play properly led to a few remakes. Last year I finally decided to update it with a full playlist on YouTube. (I don’t really do Spotify, since I already pay for YouTube Premium for my son and Spotify doesn’t have all the obscure stuff anyway). I didn’t realize how overly-long and unruly the playlist would become, so later, I divided it into decades. This seems to have been the right move, as some include more than 250 songs. After a lot of work and polishing it, I got it all the way to the present, 2024. And going full circle, I recorded the best songs of this mega-playlist onto blank DVDs using my DVD Recorder and a Nintendo Switch. By hooking a DVD player to my stereo system, I can listen to the playlist off the DVDs like a two-hour 48-minute mix CD. Even so, the playlists are always a work in progress. 

These playlists follow a few rules. One song per album allowed (except in some rare cases it’s easier to just add the whole album on one video); if an artist released more than one album in a year they’re eligible to have two songs in one year. Compilation albums or movie soundtracks with more than one artist are immune to this rule. The song must have been released at some point during the year in question. Demo versions are allowed. The list is chronological only by year; within each year, I tried to match songs together that complimented one another. You won’t get a radio-friendly alternative rock song immediately juxtaposed with a heavy black metal song, for instance. The genres are mostly grouped together, in a mixture of songs I actually listened to during that year and songs I discovered much later. Some are mainstream hits you may have heard on the radio, others are obscure Yugoslavian post-punk from 1987 and the like. The number one rule of course is I have to like the song. 

The 1980s in Music

I was born in 1986, but I feel like I missed out on the best part of the 80s, music-wise. Now I never did a CD mix for the year 1980 because it was still too 70s for my tastes and I couldn’t find enough songs I liked to fill a CD. Well now that it’s a playlist I can add the few songs from that year I do like. At the moment I have a performance by The Cure, a song from Siouxsie and the Banshees, and a couple others. 

On YouTube I included a “Table of contents” for each playlist, listing the first song of each year. Some videos have the year in the title which can help a little with navigating the playlists, but not all. In determining the first song of each year, it is either the song that most makes me think of that year, the best song of the year in my opinion, or just a song that has the year in the video title. I usually favored music videos, when one was available. 

Genres: New Wave, post-punk, goth rock, coldwave, industrial, synthpop, alternative rock, early grunge, hair metal. 

 

Table of Contents:

1981: Kraftwerk - Heimcomputer

1982: New Order - Temptation

1983: Journey - Separate Ways

1984: Mick Smiley - Magic

1985: Killing Joke - Eighties

1986: Peter Gabriel - Sledgehammer

1987: New Order - Temptation ’87

1988: The Church - Under the Milky Way

1989: Nirvana - About a Girl

The 1990s in Music

Here’s a decade I was fully conscious for, and probably the playlist with the most different genres on it. 1990 itself was a great year for music. Anything not rock or goth is music I actually remember listening to at the time when I was 4 years old, like the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles soundtrack and Janet Jackson. We see grunge explode onto the scene after seeing some of its early beginnings in the 1980s. Then later in the decade, nu-metal, alternative rock I remember hearing in my childhood, and underground goth and black metal. There’s a good reason this is the longest playlist, with the 80s as a close second.

Genres: Grunge, alternative rock, post-punk, goth rock, black metal, power metal, gothic metal, nu-metal, synthpop, coldwave, darkwave, industrial, one rap song. 

Table of Contents:

1991: Nirvana - Something in the Way

1992: Alice in Chains - Would?

1993: Nirvana - Heart-Shaped Box

1994: Alice in Chains - Nutshell

1995: The Smashing Pumpkins - Tonight, Tonight

1996: Alice in Chains - Frogs

1997: Third Eye Blind - Semi-Charmed Kind of Life

1998: System of a Down - Sugar

1999: Korn - Falling Away from Me

The 2000s in Music 

The shortest playlist thus far, barring the unfinished 2020s. These were my teens and early 20s, when I gradually drifted away from listening to anything mainstream. You’ll see the mainstream music pretty much disappear after the early 2000s. The decade wasn’t a terribly good time for goth music though, hence why the playlist is short, especially once you get to the late 2000s. During those years I was listening to a lot of older music. 2007 to 2012 was a terrible time for goth music, and arguably music in general. This is where I started to run into trouble doing the mix CDs. I ended up having to fill the CDs with sub-par music just to fill up 80 minutes. Having it as a playlist enables me to just pick what I actually like. 

Genres: Nu-metal, black metal, power metal, alternative rock, post-punk, goth rock, darkwave, and whatever genre Aurelio Voltaire is.

Table of Contents:

2001: System of a Down - Toxicity

2002: The Kovenant - The Chasm

2003: Kraftwerk - Vitamin

2004: Voltaire - Wall of Pride

2005: System of a Down - Holy Mountains

2006: Das Ich - Nahe

2007: Voltaire - Hell in a Handbasket

2008: Ayria - Six Seconds

2009: Das Ich - Kannibale

The 2010s in Music

Goth music hit a renaissance during this decade, right around the time Lebanon Hanover debuted. You also had the emergence of 80s-style synthwave in the mid-2010s, which seemed to have been largely killed off by Covid in the 2020s.  This playlist is almost completely either goth or synthwave, with a few random Armenian songs thrown in, and a bit of rock. 2017 was where the decade really started to blossom musically, regardless of how much things sucked politically at the time. 

Genres: Post-punk, rock, goth rock, darkwave, coldwave, synthwave, Armenian pop. 

Table of Contents:

2011 - Voltaire - Oh Lord (Wake the Dead)

2012 - And One - The Sun

2013 - Lebanon Hanover - Gallowdance

2014 - And One - Nyctophilia

2015 - Lebanon Hanover - The Moor

2016 - David Bowie - Lazarus

2017 - Glaare - My Love Grows in Darkness

2018 - Lebanon Hanover - Alien

2019 - SYZYGYX - In Pieces

The 2020s in Music

This brings us to the present. I decided not to wait until 2030 to start this one. By 2024 I had enough separation from 2020 to really look back on it more objectively. Listening to the 2020 section can be a bit emotional, as it makes me relive the Covid pandemic and the invasion of Artsakh. But the songs I picked, I feel, really capture the whole vibe of that year. If you’ve been reading my blog for a while you might recognize a lot of these songs. The goth renaissance that started in the 2010s shows no signs of slowing, but like my 2010 playlist there is the occasional rock song or Armenian folk pop song (and even some Armenian post-punk). For now, whenever I come across a new song I really like, I add it to 2024. This playlist is more chronological than the others, and the first song of each year is typically the first song I remember liking that year, except in the case of 2020 because “Alert Level” by Ministry might as well be the official theme song of 2020. 

Genres: Post-punk, rock, goth rock, darkwave, coldwave, Armenian pop. 

Table of Contents:

2021: Schröttersburg - Keter

2022: Slow Danse with the Dead - Strangers in the Dark

2023: Lila Ehjä - Bats

2024: Obsidian - Night Director

So what’s next? Maybe I’ll do The 1970s in Music, but it might be kinda short, most of my favorite genres weren’t invented yet. 

Today’s Mixtape: 1984 in Music

 

Way back in 2020, I did a blog post about the CD mix I made of 1984 in Music. A lot of those songs are on this tape too, but in the past 4 years I’ve discovered even more good, obscure 1984-released music.1984 was truly one of the best years of the 1980s for music. It seems like the last year of the first wave of Goth. I don’t know what happened in 1985, but there wasn’t as much good music from that year, at least in my opinion. My series of mix CDs dedicated to years made it all the way to the year 2010. I got stuck on 2011 because it was kind of a bad year for music, truth be told (2007-2012 were hard times for goth music in general, and I spent those years mostly listening to older music). I may still do more, as I can easily find enough songs for the subsequent years, but for now I feel like just making it a playlist, and saving the best songs on these little 1 hour cassettes. For some of the years, it’s a lot easier to make a playlist than trying to dig up 80 minutes of good music per year without repeating any bands. This tape is based on the 1984 section of my playlist The 1980s in Music. So here’s a nice mixture of goth rock, post punk, industrial, early grunge and pop music. The Ghostbusters soundtrack is of course well-represented. I needed to fill a little extra space at the end so I managed to squeeze “Crystal Tears” by Horrible Sexy Vampires on there, the shortest song on the list, by cutting out the intro. 

Side A

Mick Smiley - Magic

Paparazzi - In a Manner of Speaking

Colour Radio - Adrianna Dreams

Altar Ego - Altar Ego

Green River - New God

Scarecrow - Concrete is my Pillow

Garden of Delight - Blessed Minutes

Side B

Ministry - Every Day is Halloween 

Lost Loved Ones - The Dark

Skinny Puppy - Far too Frail

Echo & the Bunnymen - The Killing Moon

Alessi - Savin’ the Day

Rockwell - Somebody’s Watching Me

A Drop in the Grey - All the Same

Horrible Sexy Vampires - Crystal Tears